從《將進(jìn)酒》的兩個(gè)譯本看翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

時(shí)間：2024-09-21 10:03:18 將進(jìn)酒我要投稿

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　　引導(dǎo)語：《將進(jìn)酒》為借酒抒情的名篇佳作，是唐代詩人李白在唐玄宗天寶十一年與友人聚會(huì)時(shí)所作，下面是關(guān)于兩個(gè)譯本中看翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，歡迎大家閱讀！

　　在賴斯的語篇類型和語篇種類的劃分中，詩歌屬于表情性極強(qiáng)并重視形式的文本類型。在這類文本中，文本作者或“發(fā)送者”被置于一個(gè)很顯著的位置，文本的形式也十分重要。對(duì)于這種類型的文本的翻譯，譯文應(yīng)該傳遞原語的審美性和藝術(shù)性。翻譯應(yīng)采用“同一”策略，即譯者應(yīng)采用原語作者的觀點(diǎn)(杰里米•芒迪)。由此可見，對(duì)比后起的操控論、目的論、改寫論等，對(duì)于詩歌的翻譯，“信”“達(dá)”“雅”并不是一個(gè)不合時(shí)宜的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

　　《將進(jìn)酒》為唐代詩人李白作于唐玄宗天寶十一年與友人聚會(huì)時(shí)。該詩為借酒抒情的名篇佳作之一。詩人在做這首詩時(shí)，政治上受到排擠和打擊，無法施展宏偉的抱負(fù)，常常醉酒消遣。目前已有很多中外譯者翻譯過這首詩作，筆者這里選取了兩個(gè)譯本淺析。其一為被西方語言文學(xué)大師，著名翻譯家李賦寧先生大力推薦的《英譯唐詩名作選》中愛國華僑龔景浩先生的翻譯。其二為詩譯英法唯一人，北大教授，翻譯家，曾被提名為諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)候選人的許淵沖先生在《唐詩300首》中的翻譯。以下為這兩個(gè)版本的翻譯:

　　龔景浩譯文

　　Drink Your Fill!

　　Can’t you see:

　　The water in the Yellow Riverflows from the sky，

　　Running out to sea and neverturning back?

　　Can’t you see:

　　In grand houses the worry isabout hair color change---

　　In the morning it was silkenblack;

　　By nightfall it has turnedhoary?

　　If you’re doing well in life，enjoylife.

　　Don’t let your golden cup sitempty in the moonlight.

　　Since Providence has grantedour births，he must have some use for our talents.

　　What if I flitted away athousand pieces of gold?

　　Why，they can always be earned back again.

　　Boiling beef and preparinglamb，let us be merry:

　　And three hundred cups weshould each drain.

　　Venerable Chen and Young Dan Qui:

　　Drink your fill and not for amoment let your cup stand idle.

　　Now，let me sing you a song; I pray you lend me a willingear:

　　Banquet music and dishes ofdelicacies---

　　They are as nothing to me.

　　I only wish to stay drunk andnever come out again.

　　Saints and sages have alwaysbeen lonely.

　　Only a few gentleman-drinkershave left behind their names.

　　When Prince of Chen of a pastage entertained his literary friends，

　　Jars of wine costing afortune were poured

　　Amid high-spirited jokes andjeers.

　　Their host never worried ifmoney should run short.

　　So he’ll send for more wine to toast you again，and yet again.

　　Thorough-bred horses andexpensive furs---

　　I’ll exchange them for moresweet wine any time!

　　Together，we shall drown all our sorrows，old and new.

　　許淵沖譯文

　　Invitation towine

　　Do you not see the YellowRiver come from the sky，

　　Rushing into the sea andne’er come back?

　　Do you not see the mirrorsbright in chambers high

　　Grieve o’er your snow-whitehair though once it was silk-black?

　　When hopes are won，oh! Drink your fill in high delight，

　　And never leave your wine-cupempty in moonlight!

　　Heaven has made us talents，we’re not made in vain.

　　A thousand gold coins spent，more will turn up again.

　　Kill a cow，cook a sheep and let us merry be，

　　And drink three hundredcupfuls of wine in high glee!

　　Dear friends of mine，

　　Cheer up，cheer up!

　　I invite you to wine.

　　Do not put down your cup!

　　I will sing you a song，please hear，

　　O hear! Lend me a willingear!

　　What difference will rare andcostly dishes make?

　　I only want to get drunk andnever to wake.

　　How many great men wereforgotten through the ages?

　　But great drinkers are morefamous than sober sages.

　　The Prince of Poets feast’d in his palace at will，

　　Drank wine at ten thousand acask and laughed his fill.

　　A host should not complain ofmoney he is short，

　　To drink with you I will sellthings of any sort.

　　My fur coat worth a thousandcoins of gold

　　And my flower-dappled horsemay be sold

　　To buy good wine that we maydrown the woes age-old.

　　1.標(biāo)題《將進(jìn)酒》的翻譯

　　將進(jìn)酒的意思為：請喝酒。兩位先生的譯名都貼近原詩的意思，符合“信”的要求。

　　2.君不見黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復(fù)回

　　君不見高堂明鏡悲白發(fā)，朝如青絲暮成雪。發(fā)表論文。

　　詩人在此托物起興，想表達(dá)洶涌澎湃的黃河水有如從天而降，并一瀉千里，不可回還。但是兩位譯者都不約而同的采用直接翻譯原詩的做法，并沒有翻譯出黃河水好似從天而降的意味，而是譯成黃河之水就是來自于天上。就此處而言，兩位譯者都做到了對(duì)原詩的“信”而放棄了對(duì)事實(shí)的“信”。就其意境而言，兩位譯者都譯出了原詩突如其來的震撼力和不可回還的“逝”氣，也照應(yīng)了第二句的感嘆人生苦短，做到了“達(dá)”和“雅”。在用詞方面，許譯本的snow-white很好的體現(xiàn)了原文的“雪”字，但龔譯本的hoary更體現(xiàn)了頭發(fā)灰白色的自然特征。至于“悲白發(fā)”的翻譯，兩位譯者采取了不同的方法，許先生選擇不譯，龔先生用了“the worry is about hair color change”。許先生舍“信”求“雅”，而龔先生的譯文做到了“信”“雅”兼?zhèn)洹?/p>

　　將進(jìn)酒·君不見

　　【作者】李白【朝代】唐代

　　君不見，黃河之水天上來，奔流到海不復(fù)回。

　　君不見，高堂明鏡悲白發(fā)，朝如青絲暮成雪。

　　人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對(duì)月。

　　天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復(fù)來。

　　烹羊宰牛且為樂，會(huì)須一飲三百杯。

　　岑夫子，丹丘生，將進(jìn)酒，杯莫停。

　　與君歌一曲，請君為我傾耳聽。

　　鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但愿長醉不復(fù)醒。

　　古來圣賢皆寂寞，惟有飲者留其名。

　　陳王昔時(shí)宴平樂，斗酒十千恣歡謔。